The As A Sense Of Wholeness - 1177 Words

Since the dawn of mankind, comprehension of mortality has been a leading concern on the agendas of a myriad of disciplines. As temporal beings, humans are given an entire lifetime to attempt to conceptualize and rationalize the idea of death, or the moment of no longer existing in the physical realm. According to Martin Heidegger, in order to discover ‘what man is’, we must grasp the essential being (Dasein) in its wholeness (Heidegger ⠝ ¡9). Dasein’s structure must be understood primordially as always being a whole. Humans spend their existence attempting to achieve this sense of ‘wholeness’ or completeness, yet Heidegger argues later in Being and Time that reaching this state of wholeness seems to gradually become more impossible to attain. Why is this? One could argue that in order to achieve a sense of wholeness in life, one must experience death in order to complete a feeling of wholeness since with all life leads to death. But the death of Ot hers being experienced by Dasein is not a satisfactory condition to executing the wholeness that Dasein lives for, Dasein can only be whole through experience of its own death. In this paper, I plan to use the phenomenological method to analyze Dasein’s ‘Being-in-the-world’ in order to demonstrate the relationship between Dasein’s futile attempt at achieving wholeness in life and the inability to reach that wholeness through the death of other Dasein and Dasein’s own death in itself. Heidegger establishes early on in Being and TimeShow MoreRelatedThe Issues Of Wholeness And The Spectator And Means Versus Ends1590 Words   |  7 PagesI aim to address the issues of wholeness in opposition to part by part art, time in relation to the spectator and means versus ends. Firstly I will discuss the issue of wholeness. The notion of unity or wholeness is something that s championed by Donald Judd in Specific Objects and by Robert Morris in Notes on Sculpture 1-3 , with both presenting wholeness in opposition to part by part art. In the latter, the complexity lies in the relations of internal, compositional factors, and thereforeRead MoreKant s Arguments For Space And Time1460 Words   |  6 Pagesinput from the manifold of reality is processed. It exists within us a priori. For Kant, space and time are not objective or self-subsisting, but are subjective necessities for our cognitive functions to makes sense of outer reality (and also inner reality as time relates to our inner sense according to Kant). All objects conform to space in time, existing within both. Space is where objects lie in a greater plane of reality and time explains where a moving object will lie within space at any givenRead MoreCommunity Is Unity It s The Foundation For All The People907 Words   |  4 Pages Community is unity it s people coming together as one to support different ideologies and to create a sense of togetherness in a group. Community is important because it’s the foundation for all the people that live in it. Without that sense of unity and togetherness there will be disfunction not only within that community but with the people that reside in that community. There is a relationship between the people and the community because the people are what make tha t community either prosperRead MoreCause And Effect Of A Gun Shot Wound Be Treated With Affirmations And Prayer785 Words   |  4 Pagesconsider the person in recovery to not yet be well. Affirmation and prayer may be effective at this point, in re-establishing a state of well-being. Though studies have not shown that this has a beneficial affect on one’s physical recovery, an increased sense of wellness is by definition of benefit to their health. Holmes properly uses the term illness when recommending a course of spiritual mental treatment; but it would be a mistake to think that every condition can be treated in this way. Not everyRead MoreCause And Effect Of A Gunshot Wound Be Treated With Affirmations And Prayer771 Words   |  4 Pagescould properly consider the person in recovery to not yet be well. Affirmation and prayer may be effective at this point, in re-establishing a state of well-being. Though studies have not shown that this affects one’s physical recovery, an increased sense of wellness is, by definition, of benefit to their health. Holmes properly uses the term illness when recommending a course of spiritual mind treatment; but it would be a mistake to think that every condition can be treated in this way. Not everyRead MorePer Carus Landscape Painting Essay797 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieves this truth is sufficient in landscape painting. In his thesis on landscape painting, Carus claims that â€Å"mere truth is not in itself the noblest feature or sole attraction of the painting†Ã¢â‚¬â€stating that a painting must be able to exude the sense that its existence is a result of the creativity that stems from the human mind. It seems apparent by way of the paintings and prose produced in the early 19th century that a painting cannot be whole without the knowledge that said painting is a productRead MoreEssay on Belonging1074 Words   |  5 Pagesessential in establishing the human necessity to belong. His use of death as a motif replicates Dickinson’s, and represents the heightened state of emotio ns, and the struggle between life and death in pertaining a sense of belonging. The songs establish that belonging, as well as an inner sense of balance, are essential to identity. This thesis is explored through absence of these characteristics in the persona’s recollections in the texts. In the song â€Å"How Soon in Now† writer Morrisey presents a personaRead MoreWilliam Miller s The Of The Soul 940 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, so that pure justness as well as its opposite can be sought in a complete form. Cooper’s ideas concerning this desire seem to fit a model Plato would readily accept as this interpretation of wholeness is fleshed out in greater detail certainly seem Platonic especially as this idea of wholeness is presented in a speech in the Symposium, and it is of intrigue as to why it never became a part of the soul Plato set out to define. Perhaps it was too much for him to interfere with the parallel betweenRead MoreA Long Day s Journey Into Night And Birdman1659 Words   |  7 Pagesand actions of the family are intended to lift â€Å"the fog† of a broken past and enter into a new era of trust, support, and overall positivity. Evidence of a broken, almost irredeemable past is made readily available to the reader, and one gets the sense that despite all reason to doubt the intentions of the other, each of the Tyrones has completely crossed into an attempted realm of newfound hope. As their past continually rears its powerful and conspicuous head, a philosophical battle between existentialismRead MoreEssay Critique of a Nursing Theory1746 Words   |  7 Pagesintegrity. Each are fundamental to the expected outcomes when the model is used, but Levine also discussed â€Å"two other concepts critical to the use of her model; adaptation and wholeness† (â€Å"Myra Levine’s Conservation Theoryâ€Å", 2009) (which will be discussed throughout the critique). Her goal was to â€Å"promote adaptation and maintain wholeness by using the principles of conservation† (Nursing Theories: A Companion to Nursing Theories and Models, 2010). Conservation of energy: balancing energy output and input

Amelia Earhart A Woman with a Strong Heart Free Essays

Amelia Earth was an important fugue who achieved read success and paved the way for women who came along after her, Amelia Mary Earth was born on July 24, 1897, In Atchison, Kansas (Amelia). Amelia was a tomboy when she was young, she loved playing outdoors and going on adventures. Amelia was a very spirited girl, and she didn’t accept the explanation that girls Just shouldn’t do things simply because they were girls. We will write a custom essay sample on Amelia Earhart: A Woman with a Strong Heart or any similar topic only for you Order Now Amelia collected bugs, Jumped off roofs and kept a scrapbook of newspaper clippings about successful women in predominantly male-oriented fields such as management, engineering and law (Parr). Amelia was no ordinary child, she knew something had o change in America from early on, her stubborn character to do whatever she wished would help usher in a new age for women around the world. Amelia was more than Just a woman who flew a airplane, her modern lifestyle inspired many to follow suit. She served as a nurse during World War l, which was still a controversial Job for women at the time (Amelia). Amelia had many interests and attended Colombia University signing up for a medical major. She took classes In engine repair. Not smiled upon at the time, and classes in French poetry and even taught herself to play the banjo (Rich). Amelia liked to push the envelope and wasn’t afraid of controversy or being different. Although she left Colombia after one year, her year there played a huge role in her development as a modern woman. Many adore the way she did not follow the crowd but followed her dreams and achieved great things In many areas of her life. Amelia fell In love with the Idea of flying after leaving Colombia. She chose to be taught by Neat snood, one of the first woman aviators of the time, to teach her to fly (Rich). Like in everything else Amelia learned quickly and surpassed all expectations. She broke many records during her lifetime. In 1932, she became the first woman to fly over the Atlantic Ocean solo, the only person to fly it twice, it was the longest nonstop distance flown by a woman, and the flight set a record for crossing the Atlantic In the shortest time (Amelia). When Amelia returned to New York after her famous flight, she was honored by a ticker tape parade. President Roosevelt presented her with the Special Gold Medal from the National Geographic Society. The United States Congress awarded her with the Distinguished Flying Cross, she became he first woman to earn the award (Parr). Amelia’s flights showed America that a woman can do everything a man can do and even better. Amelia Earth spent most of her lifetime establishing the permanent role of women In aviation. However, her Influence spans far beyond her accomplishments In follow their dreams no matter what obstacles stood in their way. Her ability to balance her life and career makes her one of the first modern American women. Amelia Earth may have won the Woman of the Year during her lifetime but she could arguably be the Woman of the Century. How to cite Amelia Earhart: A Woman with a Strong Heart, Papers

TK Ceramics an Indonesian Opportunity †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the TK Ceramics an Indonesian Opportunity. Answer: TK Ceramics an Indonesian opportunity The TK Ceramics is well designed firm which is playing role in an effective manner, they are now expanding towards the growth of their business and their next steps is to deliver services in an Indonesian firm. They are delivering their products to wholesaler not directly selling to products. The author of the study said that the mangers are now concern about to take steps to design work in the firm at Indonesia. Redesign the internally facing and customer facing job In the premises of the Indonesian company the mangers are focusing to redesign the internally facing and customer facing job. The author stated that the companys strategies that applied are divided in to two sector recognized as internally facing and customers facing. The areas that comes under internally facing are those activities that are linked with planning budgeting and the areas that comes under customer facing jobs are those activities that such as marketing and sales. These activities are may be of different kinds or some may be overlap. This is an important step taken by the mangers in order to make the effective business processes that are responsive in nature to meet the customer demand (Jamal, 2015 p 161). The redesign process in the Indonesian firm is goes through the following process discus by the mangers stated as follows Planning Before stepping into anything a proper planning is needed the planning. The critical business planning function is an essential for business facing activities in which the business process, budgeting and its predicting outcomes are most fundamental part to focus. This is also helping them to forecast the performance. The mangers to maintain this new opportunity are using their planning function in an effective manner so that that function could improve the process of business in order to satisfy the customer demands which improve the business performance. Marketing Their next focus is onto the proper planning function and this is the key customer facing activity of business that is the process which includes in order convincing the target market audience to make intention toward purchasing of product. They are following a strategy that works on to make the decision that are in favor of customers that what is customer demanding. The mangers are focusing on different data processing techniques which will make it possible to track different customer need to satisfy them. They are focusing to make process which is cost effective and efficient to make changes (Palmer, 2014 p 121). Order Processing One of the internal facing functions that are highly focused by the mangers is order processing at the same time it is primarily customer facing factor as well. The minimum business requirement such as low cost of shipping, booking sales and billing accurately are comes under this function. These all problems are related to business facing activities but it will impact on the customer, if the process is running efficiently than it increases the satisfaction of customer, Purchasing They are focusing to structure a supply process in the business for needed material. The product quality is impacted by the production purchases material, they are focusing to maintain a good structure to deliver the best quality product to the customers, they are focusing to implement this process so that the purchases could be makes in a way that vale to customers (Shih, 2014 p 198). Customer service They customer service function plays a critical role for success of business, they are focusing to empower employees to provide best customer services in order to satisfy the customers demanding on their need. This is implemented to provide best quality services to the customers so that the satisfied customer will be produced. Training Training is an internal factor that is highly influential for the performance of the company. The mangers are designing the training session to provide training to their employees to learn about what are the companys expectations from employees to do work. These types of training are essentially important for sales and customer service. The employees are encouraged to represent their companies in a way that is consistent and positive (Kene, 2014 p 76). Drawing shop workers from existing staff: Advantages The advantage of drawing shop workers from existing staff includes the following which needs to be focused for the effective and efficient results. This gives advantages to both of the employees and the company as well. This gives employees a new opportunity to achieve more way to improve learning. The manger stated that to have a complete maintainable process to achieve better result for the opportunity in Indonesia it is important to have this step to encourage the new talent that will play an effective role for the betterment of organization performance and the employees will have new chance to work in other sector which in results provides knowledge and experience for the shop workers, encouraging new talent in the shop will create a new ways to sale tiles to customers which will attract new number of customers. The mangers of TK ceramics urges to draw attention of some of shop workers to fit into any other role so that a new talent could be encourage that results into more bette r and effective results that will be the appreciation for TK Ceramics that they are availing their new opportunity in best possible way to generate the good performance that represent the Indonesian firm in an effective manner (Rusk, 2014 p 98). Disadvantages The advantage of drawing shop workers from existing staff includes the following as that the manger stated that the shop workers might not be satisfied with this decision and it may be a sign of demotivation to them, they are not satisfied if the requirements are not in their favor. They might be get discourage which often leads in to dis satisfaction; it has been analyzed that the hiring of new and fresh talent at the shop might create a problem for TK ceramics to maintain its new opportunity. They thinks that the hiring of new talent might be risky to them if they are not able to fulfill the requirements and need of the firms that will affect the firm and will not make customers satisfied. The one of the biggest advantage that they faces is the height of risk that could be face if the new shop workers fails to fulfill the perspective need which will affect the performances of the firm that might be discouraged them to get the best results. This will affect their new opportunity in a very bad manner if this strategy will be failed (Crewe 2014 p 121). Job description and person description for jobs in the shop The next step that is highly focused by the TK Ceramics is to make the new job description and person description that will encourage performance and built customer satisfaction. They managers of TK Ceramics wants to avail this new opportunity in Indonesia with all the best possible aspects, for this purpose they are focusing to develop new job description so that the best person could be get hired for the best job. They have assigned different roles to different workers, a worker that is engage in gripping the customer will do its work in all possible manner so that the customer could get satisfied his job description include is to manage the customer on a positive way that will create the job satisfaction and help to retain the customers. The role of other worker is to have eye check that all the activities are going in right order. The job description of one of the worker is to put product into right order and place the order in a right way so it will be easy to maintain activitie s of the shop so that customers could be satisfied for the services that will deliver to customer by shop workers (Jhonson, 2013). The mangers of TK Ceramics are focusing on person description as well along with the job description. They are focusing on the strategy to hire those workers whose skills, knowledge, and abilities match with those of the vacant position that needs to be filled, they are focusing to develop job description that match with their skill, their ability to do work, and their knowledge related to their prior job work. They designed job description in a way that matches with the person description that how he will be able to manage the things, how quickly the works engage himself with the customers, what are they ways the workers could identified the customer related problems and how they will manage. TK Ceramics are concentrating on individual depiction along with the expected set of responsibilities. They are concentrating on the procedure to employ those specialists whose aptitudes, information, and capacities coordinate with those of the empty position that should be filled, they are cen tering to create set of working responsibilities that match with their expertise, their capacity to do work, and their insight identified with their earlier occupation work. They outlined expected set of responsibilities in a way that matches with the individual depiction that how he will have the capacity to deal with the things, how rapidly the works draw in himself with the clients, what are they ways the specialists could recognized the client related issues and how they will oversee to manage them (Noon, 2016 p 132). Sales Representatives Key skills and Abilities After visiting Indonesian firm the TK Ceramics team realized that there should some lack of skills and abilities found in the workers this might be sue to two main reasons that the workers are not get hired to the right position. And the Job description is not made as per requirement that fulfill the sales representatives key skills and abilities the made job description is not up to that requirement that are necessary to fulfilled. The Job description which has been made is not accordance with the prior skills and abilities. The manager stated that there is a lack of coordination found that might be the reason for not hiring right worker for the right job. There should be a need to implement a new strategy that encourages hiring right worker for the right job. It has found by the mangers that the hired staff skill and abilities are efficient in their perspective but the issue is that they are not getting analyzed properly that match with the prior task. They have made the decision t o implement the strategy in which job description is made with match with workers skills and abilities and there should be a need to hire some new workers, that a new talent could be encourage that results into more better and effective results that will be the appreciation for TK Ceramics that they are availing their new opportunity in best possible way to generate the good performance that represent the Indonesian firm in an effective manner (Johnston, 2016 p 165). TK Ceramics group understood that there ought to some absence of aptitudes and capacities found in the laborers this may be sue to two primary reasons that the specialists are not get enlisted to the correct position. What's more, the Job depiction is not made according to prerequisite that satisfy the business delegates' key aptitudes and capacities the made expected set of responsibilities is not up to that necessity that are important to satisfied. The Job depiction which has been made is not understanding with the earlier aptitudes and capacities. The director expressed that there is an absence of coordination found that may be the explanation behind not procuring right specialist for the correct employment. There ought to be a need to actualize another system that empowers enlisting right laborer for the correct employment. It has found by the troughs that the contracted staff aptitude and capacities are proficient in their point of view however the issue is that they are not ge tting broke down legitimately that match with the earlier assignment. They have settled on the choice to execute the methodology in which expected set of responsibilities is made with match with specialists aptitudes and capacities and there ought to be a need to contract some new laborers, that another ability could be support that outcomes into all the more better and successful outcomes that will be the gratefulness for TK Ceramics that they are benefiting their new open door in most ideal approach to produce the great execution that speak to the Indonesian firm in a powerful way (Mansfield, 2013 p 124). References Mansfield, R.S., 2013. Building competency models: Approaches for HR professionals.Human Resource Management (1986-1998),35(1), p.7. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. 2016.Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Noon, M., Blyton, P. and Morrell, K., 2013.The realities of work: Experiencing work and employment in contemporary society. Palgrave Macmillan. Block, P., 2016.The empowered manager: Positive political skills at work. John Wiley Sons. Rusk, A., Goodman, C., Naanyu, V., Koech, B., Obala, A. and O'Meara, W.P., 2013. Expanding access to malaria diagnosis through retail shops in western Kenya: what do shop workers think?.Malaria research and treatment,2013. Crewe, S., 2014. What about the Workers? Works-based Sport and Recreation in England c. 1918c. 1970.Sport in History,34(4), pp.544-568. Kane, G.C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A.N. and Kiron, D., 2014. Finding the value in social business.MIT Sloan Management Review,55(3), p.81. Shih, S.P., Lie, T., Klein, G. and Jiang, J.J., 2014. Information technology customer aggression: The importance of an organizational climate of support.Information Management,51(6), pp.670-678.

Untitled document Essays - Creative Works, Literature, Films

Muuseh Omar Sarah Jessop ENG4U1 January 14th, 2019 Night and Life of Pi essay Surviving is never easy particularly when you are in difficult situation. To give you a background knowledge about this book, Life of Pi is a Canadian fiction adventure which Yann Martel survives from a sinking ship and managing to get on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker and a few animals. Night is the story of Eliezer Wiesel living in a Nazi concentration camp alongside his father. Both Elie and Pi were put in scenarios where they had to focus mainly on survival. Pi engages in problem solving skills to survive to the end of his hauling journey whereas Elie becomes hardened and tough until he's ultimately rescued. First began when Elie was working in the camp for food, tiring long hours shifts for a loaf of bread. Meanwhile pi would fish for food to feed Richard Parker and himself. Pi kept on having good happening to him example would be that he would always have food to feed himself and Richard Parker which would increase their chances of survival. Meanwhile in night the more they went through difficult times it seemed that Elie would give up on survival. Elie witnessed murders and his father's health get worse as time goes on. Elie says "Our heads empty and heavy , our brains a whirlwind of decaying memories. Our minds numb with indifference here or elsewhere, what did it matter? Die today or tomorrow or later? The night was growing longer , never ending." (Elie pg 98). Eliezer has given up on life. Back then, Eliezer had strong faith he believed he would get through any difficulty. Pi was different he believed in 3 gods he prayed on numerous occasions, this shows how strong his belief is. Furthermore throughout the long nights and days during survival of Pi and Eliezer, what kept them alive is their mental strength. Pi and Elie ae both in their teens, they haven't fully developed. " I did not weep and it pained me that I could not weep, but I had no more tears. And in the death of my being in the recess of my weekend conscienle could i have searched it I might perhaps found it like free.( Elie pg 98). Elie demonstrates his mental toughness as a young teen facing life and death situation. He states that he could not show any emotions . Pi had the same case he could not show any fear or backing down because Richard Parker will smell the fear and turn him to dinner.." i survived 227 days, thats how long my trial lasted over seven months" before crashing in Mexico. Finally ,both characters show compassion when their life is holding on a string. I argue that if Elie had food and was almost dying I believe that he would spare the piece of bread to his dying father. When people are on the verge of dying they would do anything to survive. Normally when you have no source of food and in the middle of the sea . most people would keep the food to themselves and show no awe to an animal. Pi showed he cared and provided food for Richard Parker. " "That bungled goodbye hurts me to this day. I wish so much that i'd had one last look at him in the life boat, that I'd provoke him a little s that i'd be on his mind. I wish I had said to him then-yes, I know, to a tiger" Pi shows his appreciation towards the tiger . He found a new friend that he had to say goodbye to.

Exordium - Definition and Examples

Exordium s In classical rhetoric, the introductory part of an argument in which a speaker or writer establishes credibility (ethos) and announces the subject and purpose of the discourse. Plural: exordia. Etymology: From the Latin, beginning Observations and Examples: Ancient rhetoricians gave elaborate advice for exordia, since rhetors use this first part of a discourse to establish their ethos as intelligent, reliable, and trustworthy people. Indeed, Quintilian wrote that the sole purpose of the exordium is to prepare our audience in such a way that they will be disposed to lend a ready ear to the rest of our speech (IV i 5). However, in Book II of the Rhetoric, Aristotle contended that the main purpose of the introduction was to make clear what is the end (telos) of the discourse (1515a). Other functions of introductions, according to Aristotle, include making the audience well disposed toward the rhetor and the issue and grabbing their attention.(S. Crowley and D. Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students, Pearson, 2004) Analysis of the Exordium of Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech The exordium [paragraphs 2-5] breaks down into two parts, both of which make a similar syllogistic argument while shifting its major premise. The syllogism takes the form of (a) America consists of a promise of freedom, (b) the Negro in America still is not free, therefore, (c) America has defaulted on its promise. The major premise of the first argument is that the Emancipation Proclamation constituted a promise of freedom for Afro-Americans. The major premise of the second argument is that the American Founding as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and Constitution constituted such a promise. In both cases, King argues, the promise has not be fulfilled.Kings exordium is essentially moderate. This is necessary because he must win the attention and trust of his audience before he can make his more militant plea. Having established his ethos, King is now ready for confrontation.(Nathan W. Schlueter, One Dream or Two? Lexington Books, 2002) Exordium of John Miltons Address to His Classmates (An Academic Exercise) The noblest masters of rhetoric have left behind them in various screeds a maxim which can hardly have escaped you, my academic friends, and which says that in every type of speechdemonstrative, deliberative, or judicialthe opening should be designed to win the goodwill of the audience. On those terms only can the minds of the auditors be made responsive and the cause that the speaker has at heart be won. If this be true (andnot to disguise the truthI know that it is a principle established by the vote of the entire learned world), how unlucky I am! What a plight I am in today! In the very first words of my speech, I am afraid that I am going to say something unbecoming to a speaker, and that I shall be obliged to neglect the first and most important duty of an orator. And in fact, what good will can I expect from you when in as great an assembly as this I recognize almost every face within eyeshot as unfriendly to me? I seem to have come to play an orators part before an utterly uns ympathetic audience.(John Milton, Whether Day or Night Is the More Excellent. Prolusions, 1674. Complete Poems and Major Prose, ed. by Merritt Y. Hughes. Prentice Hall, 1957) Cicero on the Exordium The exordium ought always to be accurate and judicious, replete with matter, appropriate in expression, and strictly adapted to the cause. For the commencement, constituting the introduction and recommendation of the subject, should tend immediately to mollify the hearer and conciliate his favor. . . .Every exordium ought either to have reference to the entire subject under consideration, or to form an introduction and support, or a graceful and ornamental approach to it, bearing, however, the same architectural proportion to the speech as the vestibule and avenue to the edifice and temple to which they lead. In trifling and unimportant causes, therefore, it is often better to commence with a simple statement without any preamble. . . .Let the exordium also be so connected with the succeeding parts of the discourse that it may not appear artificially attached, like the prelude of the musician, but a coherent member of the same body. It is the practice of some speakers, after having p ut forth a most elaborately finished exordium, to make such a transition to what follows, that they seem solely intent upon drawing attention to themselves.(Cicero, De Oratore, 55 BC) Pronunciation: egg-ZOR-dee-yum Also Known As: entrance, prooemium, prooimion

Help! Claritin Doesnt Work. What Should I Do

Help! Claritin Doesn't Work. What Should I Do SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Are you trying to get rid of your allergy symptoms but Claritin doesn’t work for you? Claritin is one of the most popular allergy medications on the market, but for some people it just doesn’t work. Why is this? It can be very frustrating when a drug doesn’t work the way you expect it to, so in this guide we go over the top five reasons your Claritin doesn’t work or you find Claritin not working anymore. We also go over which symptoms Claritin is supposed to treat (and which it doesn’t) as well as other methods to try to get allergy relief. What Is Claritin Supposed to Do? Claritin is a brand name for the drug loratadine which is an antihistamine used to treat allergies as well as hives or rashes. Antihistamines reduce the effects of histamines. Histamines are natural chemicals the body produces to help your body get rid of something that’s bothering your immune system, such as an allergen. In order to get rid of the allergen, histamines will heighten your body’s defense system causing you to sneeze, cough, tear up, have a runny nose, and itch to help get the allergen out of your system. Sometimes histamines can go overboard and leave you a miserable, sneezing, itching mess, so many people use antihistamines like Claritin to reduce the response their body has to allergens. Claritin is designed to reduce the following symptoms: Itching Coughing Sneezing Watery or itchy eyes Skin rash Hives Runny nose Claritin uses a formula that avoids the drowsiness many antihistamines produce so you can get allergy relief without feeling tired or foggy. 5 Possible Reasons Claritin Doesn’t Work for You Claritin can be a great drug for allergy sufferers, but for some people it doesn’t work or the Claritin stopped working. Why does this happen? Below are the five reasons Claritin doesn’t work for you or doesn’t work the way you expect it to. #1: You Didn’t Start Taking Claritin Soon Enough In order for Claritin to be most effective, you should aim to start taking it one to two weeks before allergens or other histamine triggers are in the air. Doing this helps your body begin to build up resistance so it’s prepared by the time the allergens arrive. If you only start taking Claritin once you have allergy symptoms, you may not get immediate relief, but the good news is it’ll begin working after several days or up to two weeks after you begin using it. #2: You Aren’t Consistent With Your Medication Claritin is meant to be taken once a day, every day during allergy season(s) in order to provide long-term relief from allergy symptoms. If you don’t take a Claritin pill every day, you could wind up suffering from allergy symptoms even on days you do take Claritin since the drug doesn’t start working immediately. Take one Claritin every day for it to be the most effective, but don’t take more than one pill a day, even if you missed a pill the day before. Taking multiple pills a day increases your risk of serious side effects. Remember to Claritin every day for it to be most effective. #3: You Expected Claritin to Be a Decongestant You might also be expecting Claritin to solve a problem it isn’t meant to solve. Although congestion can be a common symptom for allergy sufferers, it isn’t one of the symptoms that Claritin is supposed to stop. So if you’re suffering from congestion, you’ll need to use another drug other than Claritin, or you’ll need to try Claritin-D, a version of the drug that also helps with congestion. #4: Different Antihistamines May Work Better for You There are multiple kinds of antihistamines, and different antihistamine drugs have different combinations of them. It may be that the active antihistamine in Claritin, loratadine, isn’t the kind that’s most effective for you. This could cause Claritin to not work well when you take it. In the next section we go over other antihistamine drugs, some of which may work better for you than Claritin since they have different active ingredients. #5: You May Have Built Up a Tolerance If you’ve been using Claritin for multiple years and it worked in the past but the Claritin has stopped working, your body may have built up a tolerance to it. Building up a tolerance can happen for any drug you take. What happens is your body gets used to the drug after you take it over an extended period of time and stops having a response to the drug. This causes the drug to not work well or at all. If this happens, it may help to increase your dose or switch to a stronger antihistamine, but you shouldn’t do this without speaking with your doctor. Increasing your dose on your own can lead to serious side effects. Other Treatment Options If Your Claritin Doesn’t Work If Claritin doesn’t work for you, there are other options out there you can try to get allergy relief. Below are four categories of other treatment that may work better for you than Claritin. Other Non-Drowsy Antihistamines Claritin in one of three major non-drowsy antihistamine drugs. The other two Zyrtec and Allegra. Zyrtec’s active ingredient is cetirizine, while Allegra’s is fexofenadine. These are both different antihistamines than loratadine, the one Claritin contains, so if you find Claritin not working for you, switching to a different non-drowsy antihistamine drug may help you get relief. Non-drowsy antihistamines are very popular since they allow people to get relief from their allergy symptoms without feeling drowsy or tired during the day. Antihistamines That May Make You Drowsy If you’ve tried all three of the non-drowsy antihistamines and still are suffering from allergy symptoms, you may want to try other histamines that aren’t specifically anti-drowsy. The most common of these is Benadryl (active ingredient diphenhydramine), as well as Tavist (clemastine) and Dimetane (brompheniramine). Some people taking these drugs feel they work better than non-drowsy antihistamines, but taking them can cause you to feel tired for much of the day. For some people, this can affect their school or job performance as well as prevent them from doing regular activities, like driving, because the medication makes it difficult for them to stay alert and focused. It may help you to take this drug at night, before you go to bed, to reduce some of the drowsiness these drugs cause. Decongestants Allergies can cause the lining of your nasal passages to swell, which can make you feel like your nose is stuffed and make it more difficult to breathe. Decongestants shrink the swollen blood vessels and tissues in the nasal passages so you aren’t congested anymore. If you’re suffering from nasal/sinus congestion, you may want to try a decongestant either in place of or in addition to Claritin. Decongestants can come in pills, nose drops, nasal sprays, and liquids. Some common decongestant brands are Sudafed, Vicks Sinus, and Afrin. Decongestants don’t relieve other allergy symptoms like watery eyes, itching, and a runny nose, so if you’re suffering from any of those as well, you’ll likely need to use both antihistamines and decongestants to get relief. The three non-drowsy antihistamines mentioned above also come in versions that include a decongestant. You can tell if your antihistamine includes a decongestant if it has the letter â€Å"D† after its name (Claritin-D, Allegra-D, etc.). Natural Remedies You don't always need to pop a pill in order to get allergy relief; there are actually multiple natural remedies that help many people with allergies. One of the most effective and popular is a neti pot. A neti pot helps clear mucus and debris from your nasal cavity. To use a neti pot, first fill it with either a purchased saltwater solution or purified water. Stand over a sink and tilt your head sideways. Place the spout of the neti pot in your nostril that's currently pointed up. Carefully pour the water into your nostril so the water drains through your lower nostril. When it's done draining, repeat on your other side. Drinking two cups of green tea a day can also help relieve your allergy symptoms, especially if you start at least two weeks before allergy season. Green tea contains natural antihistamines to help fight allergy symptoms. Another effective natural remedy is an herb called butterbur. Some studies have shown butterbur to be as effective at fighting allergy symptoms as many over-the-counter allergy meds. If not properly processed though, butterbur can contain harmful chemicals known as pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), so you should always check any butterbur supplement you plan on taking with your doctor. Your butterbur supplement should also always be labeled "PA free." Summary: Claritin Not Working Claritin is a common antihistamine drug designed to reduce allergy symptoms without causing drowsiness. But what should you do if your Claritin stopped working effectively or Claritin doesn’t work for you? There can be several reasons for Claritin not working: You didn’t start taking Claritin soon enough You don’t take Claritin every day You’re expecting Claritin to be a decongestant The antihistamine Claritin contains (loratadine) doesn’t work for you as well as other antihistamines would You’ve built up a tolerance to Claritin, and now it doesn’t work as well If your Claritin stopped working, there are other drugs you can try to get relief from your allergy symptoms including other non-drowsy antihistamines, antihistamines in general, and decongestants.

Politics and Love in Contemporary Arabic Literature Essay

Politics and Love in Contemporary Arabic Literature - Essay Example In prose, western short story version, drama and novel versions replaced Arabian styles. Majority of the writers in Arabic literature have conjured love and politics in their writing. The issues discussed have shifted to feature the political atmosphere in Middle East. First, works of Adonis have grown with the political trends in Arabic countries. He uses his works to highlight aesthetics of literature and its purpose in shaping the society. His content, having pioneered prose poem in Arabic, have taken an influential as well as controversial role in Arabic modernism (Arana 87). For example, through poetry, he has championed democracy and popularized secular perspective in Middle East. His poetic genre is a cosmopolitan work, which not only tackles issues in Arab world but also the entire globe. In his poem, ‘Love’ Adonis exemplifies his unique blend of revolutionary artistic diction. Away from the traditional Arab poetry of simple language and forms, the poem revolves in the themes of politics, love, culture, and philosophy. Adonis alludes that newness in Arabic society are identifiable with Arabic character. In the poem, ‘Love’ he depicts the feel of affection for the context he is in, like the road, house, the dead, t he neighbors and the toiling hands of the world (Arana 120). The selected diction shows the high stakes in Adonis works, which invites every bit of creativity and intellect. He heightens the reader’s originality to new thoughts and realms that create curiosity. No, wonder his love for renewal and democratic consciousness won him the Goethe prestigious award. The reflection in the poem, ‘Celebrating Childhood’ affirms that the history of Arabic is not that of the sword but also lately made of great men. His literary writing still captures the current issues in Arab world. Lately, comments from Adonis on the political

MTV Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MTV - Case Study Example Some Arab countries are not so strict while others do not entertain a breach of their rules. MTV’s entertainment in the Arab country will have to be in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) as that is what is widely used to communicate. The reporters and presenters have to dress according to the Arabic culture; whatever is being aired on MTV should be moral and according to the social responsibility of those countries. These are too many rules and which will mean that MTV Arabia will only target the Arabic world and no other parts of the world. Critically analyze MTV’s strategy in the Middle East. Comment on its entry strategy and also its strategy of providing mixed content to the market. Do you think MTV will be able to succeed in this market? The entry strategy and the mixed content strategy of MTV where they air 60% international music and 40% Arabic music and also ensuring that around 45% of the content to be aired is produced locally might work and enable the MTV to venture the culture-bound Arabic world. Their success in that market will also be guaranteed by the fact that MTV Arabia planned to design their shows in such a way that it involves and caters for the pan-Arab youth audiences. This way it will ensure that majority of the youth agree with the program and the political aspect which is important in Arab media is also present due to the Pan-Arabic individuals being targeted. With all these strategies by MTV, there is no way that it can fail to succeed in Arabic world (Deresky,

Kite Runner Essay Essay Example for Free

Kite Runner Essay Essay Do you know that Afghanis play a game where they fight with kites? The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini describes kite fights between local Afghani kids, regardless of their social status. The main characters in this story that come from a higher socioeconomic level are Baba, a lawyer from the Pashtun tribe, and his son Amir. The main characters in this story that come from the lower socioeconomic level are Ali, a servant from the Hazara tribe, and his son Hassan who are servants to Baba and his family. The Kite Runner explores how different classes of people worked together to run things in Afghanistan. In the Kite Runner discrimination in Afghanistan is demonstrated by the relationship between the Pashutns and Hazaras. The Hazaras were often demeaned and persecuted (www. Sparknotes. com). Baba, however, taught his family to be kind to the Hazaras. Baba learned this from his father, who was a highly regarded judge in Kabul (Hosseini 24). The story describes a day when the grandfather sentenced two young Pashtun men into the military for killing almost an entire Hazaran family. The grandfather was very dismayed that the five year old boy who survived the incident would be left an orphan. Amir remembered â€Å"As for the orphan, my grandfather adopted him into his own household, and told the other servants to tutor him, but to be kind to him† (Hosseini 24-25). The young survivor was named Ali. Quite a few years later, Baba took in Ali’s son Hassan to be a servant for his son Amir. While Baba’s house was a fair and kind place to live there was still a social barrier (www. Sparknotes. com). For example even though Baba called Ali his â€Å"family†, Ali still lived in a hut and slept on the floor (www. shmoop. com). Although Hassan was believed to be Ali’s son he was actually Baba’s out of wedlock son (Hosseini 224-225). Baba and Ali never told Amir or Hassan that they were brothers because it was shameful that Baba had a relationship with Hassan’s mother, who was in a lower socioeconomic level. Baba would never be respected again if that ever got out. Later on in Hassan’s life, he had difficulty with becoming anything but a servant. Hassan had a very strong identity as a servant, and because of this he had no sense of entitlement when he grew up. Hassan took care of Baba’s house, even after Baba left (Hosseini 218). In a scene in the book Hassan tries to protect Baba’s old house from Taliban invasion, and gets killed (Hosseini 219). Through his dying day Hassan never felt a sense of entitlement and continued to serve Baba as his owner rather than as his father. At the time of Hassan’s death he was no longer Baba’s servant. The Taliban, warriors taking over tribesman under the guise of uniting their country, made Afghanistan a very dangerous place. The Taliban were very discriminating and typically tortured, beat, and executed people of a lower socioeconomic level. During childhood, Assef bullied Hassan and Amir. Assef came from a higher socioeconomic class than Hassan. Assef is now presented in the book as a Taliban militant. The Taliban banned music in Afghanistan (Hosseini 280). Hassan’s son, Sohrab, was forced to dance to music by Assef. The Taliban continued to flex its muscles to get other people to conform to their rules. Amir thought â€Å"I guessed music wasn’t sinful as long as it played to Taliban ears’† (Hosseini 280). Amir was very critical about the Taliban and stupidly admitted to Assef â€Å"I had read about the Hazara massacre in Mazar-i-Sharif in the papers† (Hosseini 277). Amir’s point was that the Taliban killed the Hazaras anywhere they could find them even though they didn’t do anything wrong. Clearly the Taliban did not value the lives of the Hazaras (www. Sparknotes. com). Assef was one of the cruelest of all the Taliban. He told Amir this â€Å"Afghanistan is like a beautiful mansion littered with garbage, and someone has to take out the garbage (Hosseini 284). Taliban influence in Afghanistan heightened discrimination and did not unite the country. The Kite Runner clearly demonstrated how different classes of people who are able to live peacefully together although keeping within the bound of their social class. The Taliban did not tolerate people from the lower socioeconomic classes and without conscious killed and destroyed their lives. Hassan and Amir, technically brother, grew up together but were never treated as equals (Hosseini 25). However they were able to coexist without hating each other (Hosseini 25). Amir never truly considered himself as a friend to Hassan (Hosseini 25). Hassan always considered himself a servant to Baba even at his death, in chapter 16. In my opinion the Afghan culture before the Taliban was one of working together and living peacefully but after the Taliban invaded the culture changed by forcing discrimination among the socioeconomic classes. Works Cited Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. New York: Riverhead, 2003. Print. The Kite Runner Chapter 4 Summary. Shmoop. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. http://www. shmoop. com/kite-runner/chapter-4-summary. html. The Kite Runner. SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n. d. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/the-kite-runner/section1. rhtml.

Effects of Popaganda films on World War II Essay -- essays papers

Effects of popaganda films on WWII The effects of film on WWII propaganda Without the advent of the medium of film to wage a war of propaganda both the Axis and the Allies of World War II would have found it difficult to gather as much support for their causes as they did. Guns, tanks, and bombs were the principal weapons of World War II, but there were other, more subtle, forms of warfare as well. Words, posters, and films waged a constant battle for the hearts and minds of the masses of the world just as surely as military weapons engaged the enemy. Persuading the public became a wartime industry, almost as important as the manufacturing of bullets and planes. Both sides launched an aggressive propaganda campaign to galvanize public support, and some of these nation’s foremost intellectuals, artists, and filmmakers became warriors on that front. Propaganda in the broadest sense is the technique of influencing human action by the manipulation of representations. These representations may take the spoken, written, pictorial, or musical form. Since the cinema uses all four of these types of representations, a filmmaker would seem to wield a lot of power as a propagandist. If he so chooses to use his power to its fullest potential. The essential distinction lies in the intentions of the propagandist to persuade an audience to adopt the attitude or action he or she espouses. This is ever so prevalent as Hitler gained support from his nation to exterminate the Jewish people from Germany and Europe alike. He adopted such support by using his Nazi propaganda films as a weapon of mass distraction and manipulation of the people of Germany. If he had not idealized the German soldier as a hero, and bestowed nationalism in his people, and blamed the economic problems of German on the Jewish race then he never would have been able to acc omplish what he had in such a short amount of time. The most famous Nazi propaganda film is Der ewige Jude (â€Å"The Eternal Jew†). â€Å"Der Ewige Jude† was engineered by Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda.It was created to legitimize the exclusion, and the ultimately the destruction, of an entire people. It depicts the Jews of Poland as corrupt, filthy, lazy, ugly, and perverse: they are an alien people which have taken over the world through their control of banking and commerce, yet which still live like animals. The narra... ...at the various means of propaganda have on the great masses, film is without question the most powerful. The written and spoken word depend entirely on the content or on the emotional appeal of the speaker, but film uses pictures, pictures that for eighty years have been accompanied by sound. We know that the impact of a message is greater if it is less abstract, more visual. That makes it clear why film, with its series of continually moving images, must have a particular persuasive force. Film is a very effective tool in waging a war. With out it, it would be hard to get the people to stand behind you and support your cause. Without the people it is hard to win a war. Thus I feel that with out films contribution to the propaganda effort the WWII would have been very, very different. Bibliography â€Å"Der exige Jude†: Quellenkritische Analyse eines antisemititschen Propagandaf ilms, Institute Fur Wissenschaftlichen Film, Gottingen, 1995,p.134 Ellul, Jacques, Propaganda: The Formation of Men’s Attitudes. New York: Alfred A. Knoph, 1965. Hippler, Fritz, â€Å"Der Film als Waffe,† Unser Wille und Weg, 7(1937), pp.21-23. â€Å"Propaganda,† Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2000.

Dominant Ideology in the United States Essay

Dominant ideology is the prevalent culture, values, traditions, beliefs, practices, and such in a particular group. Within the structure of society, dominant ideology stands for what majority of the people who make up society uphold as their philosophies, values, beliefs, thoughts, principles, etc. (Dominant Ideology Thesis, 1998) Dominant ideology represents what the people stand for. Moreover, it is not only represented in the observable actions, behavior, and way of thinking of people within a group or society, but is also evident in the material or tangible culture existing within their societal circle. For instance, the dominant ideology of society may be interpreted and expressed through literature, music, movies, theater, television programs, sport events, and such. The dominant ideology of the United States leans toward the concept of humanism, such that the nation upholds rationality, morality, and the condition of human life as basis for philosophies, values, or belief systems. (Edwords, 1989) Specifically, the dominant ideology of the United States endorses democracy and liberalism, as well as corporate power and capitalism (Bayes, 2005). Although democracy and liberalism when compared with corporate power and capitalism may be conflicting in several aspects, it still proves to establish what the United States stands for as a nation. The argument of democracy and liberalism as a dominant ideology is the inability of the nation to accomplish it fully (Baves, 2005). Still, inequality exists, and so does prejudice, bias, unfairness and such. However, it does not mean that the non-accomplishment of the dominant ideology makes it invalid for such label. The nation might uphold the values and beliefs of democracy and liberalism, and corporate power and capitalism, at the same time while failing to accomplish what it means for the nation. The dominant ideologies aforementioned in previous discussions are represented in American literature, music, movies, theater, television programs, and even sports events. The theme of these products of culture always contains hints of democracy, liberalism, corporate power, and capitalism. For instance, the major themes of American literature and theater are the strong advocacy for democracy and liberalism. â€Å"The Crucible† and â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller, â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin† by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and such plays and novels are American classic literature that criticizes repression, injustice, and discrimination. Tales of the history of American Indians are also strong forces that build upon the advocacy of American literature and theater for democracy and liberalism. (Major Themes in American Literature, 2008) Themes of American music, movies, and television programs represent liberalism, and in some aspects, corporate power and capitalism. Liberalism is applied in American music, movies, and television programs because themes or plots could be anything. American artists are more open-minded when it comes to art and expression in properties of media such as music, movies, and television that themes go a long way from conservatism, to rationalism, humanism, to classical, historical, and such. Themes always vary according to artistic interest and inclinations that sets the liberalism as a dominant ideology. Exhibiting corporate power and capitalism may be observed from the setting of movies, such that most movies, music, and television shows represent in one way or another, the concept of the American dream – which when analyzed deeply represents utopia which symbolizes power and perfection. Sports events also represent the dominant ideology of corporate power and capitalism. Famous American sports such as basketball, American football, and baseball, represent the dominant ideologies of the country. Sports events are capitalistic in nature, such that almost every aspect of it boils down to business. Americans patronize sporting events, as it is highly advertised to the public. Majority of Americans attend these sporting events, then comes the opportunity for business institutions to make profit from it, by selling tickets, food, props, and such. I believe it is capitalistic in nature because of the strong business context of sporting events. References Bayes, J. (2005). â€Å"Democratic Dreams in the United States in the Age of Empire: A Feminist Perspective from the North† Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Studies Association, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii. Retrieved October 15, 2008, from All Academic Incorporated. Website: http://www. allacademic. com/meta/p70048_index. html Dominant Ideology Thesis. (1998). Retrieved October 15, 2008, from Highbeam Research, Inc. Website: http://www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1O88-dominantideologythesis. html Edwords, F. (1989). What is Humanism? Retrieved October 15, 2008, from the American Humanist Association. Website: http://www. jcn. com/humanism. html Major Themes in American Literature. (2008). Retrieved October 15, 2008, from JHSSAAC. Website: http://school. jhssac. org/Faculty/HrgaI/documents/Summaryofthe5Themes. pdf

Importance of Physical Education in Adolescents Essay

Introduction of the Topic In many schools around the world, there is an inadequate physical activity for students that pose a serious public health problem. Regular activity sustained over several years contributes to weight control and protection from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other chronic diseases (ACSM 1998). The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS) system provides the most complete information regarding physical ability habits of adolescents and young people. Using this system, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) track six youth behavior, which includes physical activity. Preliminary results from the 2001 YRBS survey (MSBE in press) indicate that 85 percent of adolescents in a certain state in the United States performed some vigorous activity at one day a week for 20 minutes, but only 27 percent indicated five or more days of moderate activity. While this study comes from only one state, the same result of physical activity levels has also been observed in national averages. This shortage of physical activity among adolescents in the U. S. was attributed to an excess of sedentary behavior. In a certain survey, an astounding 53 percent of the students surveyed reported watching two or more hours of television on a typical school night. Of those, 15 percent watched four or more hours. Such survey significantly proves no difference from other American children in their television viewing habits (MSBE in press). Physical education class is where students should be learning the necessary knowledge and skills to be physically active, yet physical education is not available to students as fully as it should be. In 2001, (MSBE 2001) published a data that majority of elementary schools in the U. S. offer physical education classes for an average of two days per week, for an average of 60 minutes per week. Half of middle school students receive physical education five days per week, for an average of 48 minutes per week for than 25 weeks during the school year. The other half unfortunately receives far less than that. According to (MSBE 2001), only 29 percent of high school students reported having daily physical education classes. In the U. S. , 29 percent of adolescents in grades 9-12 participated in daily physical education in 1999 as compared with 42 percent in 1991 (14). Participation in organized sports provides another opportunity for physical activity. MSBE (2001) found that 61 percent of 9-12 graders in Michigan reported playing on one or more sports teams. MSBE (2001) added that African-American and Hispanic high school students were less likely with 48 percent compared to Caucasians with 52 percent to play on sports teams. Despite several studies showing that most youth perform some vigorous activities, there are still a significant number of adolescents who do not participate in any regular physical activity. Their reasons include the unavailability of physical education classes, limited spots on school-sponsored teams, and the lack of resources for communities in providing recreational teams. Others, on the contrary, may choose not to participate regardless of the availability of the opportunities. Not considering the causes, it is still important to initiate efforts of getting non-participants involved in some form of physical activity in keeping them from becoming sedentary on a permanent basis. A couple of studies indicate that a total of 30 minutes of moderate physical activity performed most days of the week has a significant impact on prevention of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases (Pate et al. 1995). Provision of the proper instruction, encouragement, and motivation, such numbers is attainable by the majority of children and youth in the U. S. Background of the Topic Health care professionals have long understood the importance of physical activity in children. Traditionally, exercise has been prescribed as part of the treatment for children suffering from chronic diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and insulin-dependent diabetes (Nixon et al.1992; Rowland 1990). Regular physical activity, in many cases, has the potential to reduce both morbidity and mortality among these youngsters (Rowland 1990). Studies of health children’s exercise habits and physical fitness in the U. S. initially focused on judging muscular strength, speed, and power. In the 1950s, interest surged when researchers found that American children were less fit compared to European children, as measured by tests done by (Kraus and Hirschland 1954). These results expectedly shocked many Americans and thus prompted the formation of the President’s Council on Youth Fitness in 1956 (later became as President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports). From then on, the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation developed a youth fitness test battery primarily designed to measure general motor performance skills such as power, speed, and agility (AAHPER 1958). More recently, testing in youth fitness has evolved into a more health-related format, superseding the emphasis on traditional motor skills (AAHPERD 1988). At the present time by far, there is no total agreement minimal criterion fitness standards, or even the question of whether physical fitness has declined significantly in recent years with regards to the majority of the youth (Blair 1992; Kuntzleman and Reiff 1992). There is, however, a consensus that children and adolescents should be involved in physical activity on a regular basis and systems of teaching/reward should encourage active participation and enjoyment by all students (Luepker 1999). Physical activity is recognized as the preventive measure for chronic disease. In view of this, Michigan issued a position statement in 1989 that emphasizes the importance of quality physical education programs in their schools during the 1990s (MAHPERD 1989s). Additionally, it was Michigan that initiated the state-wide project called Exemplary Physical Education Curriculum (EPEC). The EPEC was designed to be a public health initiative that addressed the crushing burden of chronic disease attributable to physical inactivity that would be carried out completely in the school setting. It has scientific grounding in chronic disease prevention, and uses state-of-the-art educational theory. More importantly, the EPEC curriculum equips students in understanding the importance of physical activity and in obtaining the fitness, knowledge, motor skills and personal/social skills they need to be active for life. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assumed leadership in a new approach during the 1990s. This new approach of CDC was aimed to increase physical activity among adolescents and adults. By then, it was highly emphasized that education about the importance of physical activity would be ineffective if the physical and social environments made it inconvenient or unsafe to exercise. The realization of this new approach was published in 1995 that describes a new role for states – promoting policy and environmental interventions in preventing and controlling cardiovascular disease – along with particular recommendations for environmental approaches to increasing physical activity (King et al. 1995). Scientific Basis Several recent studies show clearly that risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases are evident in childhood and adolescents (Freedman et al. 1997; Linder and DuRant 1982). Other studies also found to be related to children’s aerobic fitness and physical activity, or lack thereof (Craig et al. 1996; Tolfrey et al. 1999). Independent of nutritional habits, Dietz (1983) has found that physical inactivity has been shown to be a significant predictor and cause of obesity in children. Over the past 30 years, the prevalence of overweight among children in the U. S. has tripled. This increase in overweight resembles to a trend for sedentary activities such as computer games and stuff that replace recreational pursuits involving more physical activity (Bar-Or et al.1998; Freedman et al. 1997). Such sedentary behavior of the youth will likely be reinforced in view of the recent trends for computers in every home and classroom. Recently, a randomized trial aimed at reducing children’s television watching was designed in the hope of an increase in the adolescents’ physical activity and fitness levels (Robinson 1999). Notwithstanding the reduction of television watching time, Robinson’s study found no changes in activity and fitness. On the contrary, another study combined both an addition of physical activity and a reduction of sedentary behaviors in a weight reduction program for obese children (Epstein et al. 2000). It excluded the school-related sedentary activities (i. e. studying and homework) including only those performed during the youngsters’ leisure hours. The study found that both adding physical activity and at the same time reducing sedentary behaviors were effective in promoting weight loss and aerobic fitness in children. Family intervention approach in the treatment (not found in Robinson’s study) may have been the key component of the program. It is essential to remind that children with the lowest physical activity levels and highest percentage of body fatness are most likely to develop other risk factors for CVD, including elevated blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels (Tolfrey 1999). Nonetheless, it is encouraging to note somehow that adolescents’ lipoprotein profiles can be improved with physical activity and exercise interventions (Craig et al. 1996). In obese children, weight loss can occur and blood pressure can be lowered when physical activity is an integral part of treatment regimen (Roccini et al.1988). According to Fagot-Campagna et al. (2000), heaviest children are more likely to develop Type II diabetes compared to their leaner counterparts. Type II diabetes was seldom seen in youth prior to the dramatic increase in the number of overweight in youth in recent years. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group (2002) published their research showing that modest weight loss and 150 minutes of physical activity per week could reduce the incidence of Type II diabetes in adults at high risk for the condition. While this study has not yet been replicated in children and adolescents, it significantly lends support for the urgency of helping the youth become physically active, most especially those with body weights that could place them at risk for diabetes. Some cardiovascular disease risk factors have the inclination to track over time (Marshall et al. 1998). That is, individuals will likely keep them through adulthood if they have risk factors as children. One concrete example is a follow-up of the Harvard growth study of 1922-1935 showing that being overweight during adolescence is a greater predictor of chronic disease development (i.e. cardiovascular disease, arthritis) compared to being overweight as an adult (Must et al. 1992). In the same way, (Taylor et al. 1999) found that sedentary lifestyle habits may be formed at a young age, and (Janz and Mahoney 1997) claimed the tendency of aerobic fitness and physical activity behaviors to track throughout childhood, and possibly into adulthood. Dennison et al. (1988) found that very inactive adolescents had the lowest aerobic fitness scores (measured by a 600-yard run) when they were youngsters. A longitudinal study in Finland showed that children who were most sedentary had the least favorable cardiovascular disease risk profile when they became adolescents (Raitakari et al. 1994). While the relationship between physical activity and fitness and their influence on cardiovascular disease risk is clear in adults, results from several studies shows that it is not known whether fitness or activity is the most important predictor for developing cardiovascular disease in adulthood (Pate and Ross 1987; Sallis 1993). Furthermore, there is no consensus on the question whether regular physical activity will result in considerable gains in aerobic fitness in children, specifically those who are adolescents (Morrow and Freedson 1994; Payne and Morrow 1993). Despite the existence of this relationship between fitness and physical activity in children, their associations are not strong based on studies of (Aaron et al. 1993; Morrow and Freedson 1994). Katzmarzyk et al (1998) explains that it is possible that large variability in children’s rates of growth and maturity make it difficult to correlate the fitness and activity variables. In addition, the lack of strong association between fitness and activity in children may be due in part to methodological problems. This is to say that, even though a number of valid and objective aerobic fitness tests have been developed, it is more difficult to quantitatively evaluate varying degrees of physical activity in young people (Freedson 1992; Pate 1993). In any event, in a review of cross-sectional studies designed to measure children’s activity levels, Sallis found that boys are approximately 23 percent more active than girls; boys’ activity levels decline 2. 7 percent per year, while girls’ decline 7. 4 percent per year (Sallis 1993). A major role that explains why children choose to be inactive is their poor self-efficacy for physical exercise. These young people believe that they cannot perform sports and exercises very well as they try to compare themselves to their peers. Self-efficacy emerged as a primary determinant of physical activity behavior that significantly varies with age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Self-efficacy is situation specific and its relationship with physical activity is often examined in relation to three components: efficacy for overcoming barriers to physical activity, efficacy for competing activities, and efficacy for support seeking. A number of research studies have shown that different aspects of self-efficacy correlate with physical activity or predict physical activity behavior in children of all ages (Allison et al. 1999; Trost et al. 1997; DiLorenzo et al. 1998). Self-efficacy, in near adolescence, appears to play its greatest role in physical activity behavior. (Pate et al. 1997; Trost et al. 1999) found that highly physically active fifth and sixth grade boys and girls have shown higher self-efficacy for overcoming barriers. More inactive children have shown less self-efficacy in overcoming barriers competing activities, and support seeking. As a matter of fact, self-efficacy for overcoming barriers is an essential predictor of physical activity in study of Trost et al. (1997) that includes mostly African-American population of fifth graders. Self-efficacy remains a strong predictor of physical activity through about ninth grade (Allison et al.1999). During the high school years of youngsters, it appears that girls begin to require more social influence in order to continue physical activity behaviors, while boys are still in need of enhanced self-efficacy (DiLorenzo et al. 1998). Due to the fact that social support appears to be an important contributor to physical activity behavior, more research should focus on this area. Nevertheless, both self-efficacy and social support are subject to parent and peer actions that need to be considered in physical activity interventions.

Essay on Spain Spain and United States

Essay on Spain Spain and United States Essay on Spain: Spain and United States With Spain being so far away there are drastic differences but several similarities. I have realized a lot of things are going to be different for me. Others think this opportunity is scary, and it totally is, but I am so excited to overcome my fears and step out of my comfort zone to try and experience all these new things that I have researched on my exchange. In contrast to most people in the United States, Spaniards take school seriously; they really are interested in learning. In Spain their educational system includes general and special education. Local public authorities have to inspect educational systems to make sure it meets all law requirements. To obtain a good stable job academic qualifications are very important. Education is free from nursery school up to University. About one-third of children attend a private school of some sort. Approximately 55 percent of students go to school full time until they’re 18. After that, 25 percent go to vocational training and 30 percent go to a university. Most universities are very over crowded. The price of universities can vary from 500 to 1,120 Euros each academic year. Private universities registration for a bachelor’s degree varies from 5,000 to 12,000 Euros per academic year. Masters and doctorial degrees are generally regulated by the government. Foreign parents that c an afford sending their child to a foreign university generally do. Courses in Spain universities are usually shorter and more flexible than foreign universities. Religious classes MUST be in all schools, but students are not required to take them. Spain is part of the Mediterranean diet. Spain’s most common food is a potato omelet called â€Å"tortilla de plata†. In Spain, lunch or mid-day meal is the biggest meal of the day, around 2:00 pm. everyone gathers at home and eats with their family together, this meal is kind of like dinner here in America, Spain’s foods are most likely cooked with paprika. In Spain people eat a lot of meat and vegetables, as well, as fish and seafood. While I’m there I will get the opportunity to try â€Å"Jicama† and â€Å"Ruhbarb† which are two popular vegetables in Spain. In the major cities of Spain the water is generally good to drink, they drink regular water and sparkling water; I prefer regular water. Th e price of orange juice is only about 0.80 Euros, which is about $2.30; basically some products in Spain are cheaper than they are here. Spain is a very religious country. The main religion in Spain is Catholicism. But there are thousands of Muslims that also live in Spain. Also about 12,000 Jews live in Spain. Most of the religious holidays are the same here. For example, Good Friday, Christmas; on this day in Spain children receive small gifts but on the Day of the Three Kings (January 6th), is where kids receive many gifts on this morning. Some people celebrate Days of the Three Kings here in America. As in most Spanish countries soccer is the most popular sport, but not in this case. In Spain the most popular sport is basketball, with soccer coming in as second most popular. In 1909, Spain created their own soccer organization called, Royal Spanish Football Organization (RFEF). This organization handled the first national team. They took players from different areas of Spain to form a team. By 1927 Soccer became more of an international sport. Jose Maria Acha, whom was the director of the â€Å"Arenas Club De Roldan†, pursued the idea of a national league in Spain. After it took almost a whole year to get the team started the first tournament called â€Å"La Liga† was finally played. All throughout the 90’s Barcelona and Real Madrid fought over the La Liga title. Barcelona and Real Madrid are the biggest rivalries in Spain soccer history. Many teens practice adventure sports, such as canoeing, climbing or rafting. Also in the winter, they go skiing or snowb oarding. Family is very important to Spaniards, every family is very close. You must be 18 to drive and drink. At the age

A Review Of The Battle Of Lz Albany History Essay

A Review Of The Battle Of Lz Albany History Essay The battle in review is LZ Albany. This battle took place during the Vietnam War under Operation Pleiku. LZ Albany was an ambush on American troops en route to landing zone Albany by NVA regulars. The battle took place on the afternoon of November 17, 1965. The fight involved the US Army 2nd battalion of the 7th Cavalry (2/7) and the NVA 8th battalion of the 66th Regiment. Although the end result of the battle is considered an American victory, the losses suffered were horrendous. It is safe to say this was a pyrrhic victory for the US, only due to the fact that they held the ground at Albany at the end of the battle. This did alter the amount of troops the NVA could attack LZ Columbus with as a side effect. The battle itself would teach many lessons to the US army in regards to the importance of security and the role support by fire played in this theatre of combat. The Vietnam War was a civil war in which the United States was actively involved in. The Northern faction of Vietnam adopted Communism, and thus gained Russia and China as allies. Vietnam until this point was a French territory which was in the process of being liberated by the North Vietnamese. They had defeated France and driven them from parts of the country. France and South Vietnam sought aid from the United States. In reply the United States rendered aid and advisors to South Vietnam. This was due to US foreign policy at the time and staunch opposition to Communism by the US government. If Vietnam fell to Communism it also posed a great economic threat to US interests in South Asia as well. By 1965 the US Armed Forces no longer played the role of advisors for the South Vietnamese in the Vietnam conflict. We were at the point of actively engaging the North Vietnamese in combat. (Stewart 386-320) Under Operation Pleiku, US Army divisions were first employed against the North Vietnamese. This is exactly what the North Vietnamese commander Gen. Nguyen Chi Tranh had desired. His main strategy enc ompassed liberating a vast majority of South Vietnam from southern control and inflicting mass casualties on US forces. The idea was that the American public would not support a war in which multitudes of American soldiers lost their lives. His intent was to shatter the American public’s support and thus drive another foreign imposer out of the country. This plan was titled the Dong Xuan Campaign. (Coleman.51) American forces had already been occupying the provincial capital of Pleiku. Frequent attacks and skirmishes by the NVA gave the impression that they were probing for the best possible place to attack to retake the city. This indicated to US commanders that there was a sizable force of enemy soldiers in the Northern plateaus that needed to be dealt with. A series of landing zones were reconnoitered for probable attack positions. The Army’s objective was simple: to destroy the enemy threat in the area and their will to fight. After securing LZ X-ray, it was the jo b of the 2/7 Cavalry to sweep the gap between LZ X-ray and LZ Columbus, which held US artillery. Their mission was also very simple: to sweep the area between LZ Columbus and LZ Albany, and engage whatever enemy they found.

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age Research Paper - 1

The Value of Digital Privacy in an Information Technology Age - Research Paper Example Netizens, a term coined for active users of the Internet (Netizen), are complaining about how websites make private information such as their names, phone numbers, addresses, etc. available to the public. The issue of privacy over the Internet has become very serious that lawmakers have been forced to create regulations to safeguard users (Lyons, 2012) against websites that provide access to an individual’s private information. Search Engines for Citizens’ Private Data Intelius.com is a search engine that specializes on people searches. On the website, a researcher can choose to look up an individual through several ways. There are links to search via email, social networking sites, property records and the basic people search which yields the person’s relatives, age and the various cities and states in the USA the individual may have resided in. Getting a report would require a fee. Supposedly, the report would contain â€Å"some or all† of the data such as the person’s full name, age and date of birth, phone numbers, aliases, relatives, email address(es), property records, marriage & divorce, lawsuits, criminal records, and so on. For people search and background check services, Intelius supposedly provides a researcher his money’s worth because of the accuracy of its reports. ... These have corresponding fees. Prices are from $2.45, $19.95 and $39.95. The most expensive report includes a State Criminal Search, Properties, Enhanced Relatives, Associates Plus and Marriages/Divorces. As with Intelius, the number of items listed in each report is not guaranteed. Zaba Search is one of the many people search engines on the Internet. Once the first and last names are entered, the user can search all the 50 states in America or a specific state. The results include the person complete address and phone number, including a marker on Google map for the user’s reference. Zaba also offers reverse phone lookup, background checks and searching via phone numbers. Curiously, when the results appear, an advertisement by US Search shows with the same person’s name, age and the cities and states the person has lived in. Advantages and Disadvantages of Public Access Public access to private information can bring about positive and negative outcomes to the researche r and the topic of the research. Although public access does help researchers find more information for social or educational purposes, these information may not be current. Having a citizen’s private data available on the Internet makes the person an easy victim of identity theft or other related crimes. Nevertheless, it also makes it possible for long-lost friends and family to get in touch with the person. For the person being researched, there are a couple of reasons public access can be bad. One is identity theft which has become a significant offense in the United States with around 10,000 groups involved in the activity. (White, 2012) There are several ways to commit identity theft and all of these require personal information such

The Literature of Exile and Imaginary Homelands Essay

The Literature of Exile and Imaginary Homelands - Essay Example This dissertation traces the movement of this dialectic between people and places and draws from that movement conclusions about the political and ethical stance of the novels' authors. Chapter 1 introduces the study and the novels, in an attempt to find the places where the three novelists' concerns intersect or diverge. In Chapter 2, I look at Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses and Midnight's Children, novels that create a fantastical and magical landscape against which post-colonial questions and problems are addressed. My study elucidates the cultural codes at work in these novels and reveals that the singularity and stability of these cultural codes are eventually denied. Chapter 3 focuses on Jasmine and The Holder of the World by Bharati Mukherjee and investigates the characters' perspectives of their own exile; Mukherjee's characters suggest that individuals can ethically engage with the world despite the alienation of the post-colonial condition. V. S.

Strategy for British American Tobacco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategy for British American Tobacco - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the level of productivity of British American Tobacco is supported by the fact that it is the leading tobacco producer in about sixty of the one hundred and eighty markets within which it operates. In as much as it functions in different nations, some of its brands like Dunhill, Pall Mall, and Kent appeal to consumers throughout the world. Being a structured multinational as it is, BAT currently derives its strategy from its organizational vision. Its current strategy revolves around delivering growth today and at the same time, laying a foundation that is suitable for future investments. Similarly, the current BAT strategy aims at exploring its wings and grasping new opportunities within and outside the tobacco industry. The exceptional growth that BAT has exhibited since its establishment in 1902 to date has majorly been funded by productivity and delivered by its winning and thriving workforce, which is well-appointed to handle all the emerging market i ssues responsibly. This report sheds light on some of the relative merits that BAT would register, in case it opted to embrace an alternative organizational strategy. The evaluation of strategies is of great significance to any business majorly because it provides an opportunity for the management and all the parties involved in a project to gauge both the efficacy and the inefficiency of its plans as an organization. In like manner, it is far-reaching because it enables the organization understands the dynamism demonstrated by the extent to which socio-economic, political as well as technological issues affect the market. The suitability of a strategy refers to a theory that helps to provide reassurance on whether a specific strategy is ideal in finding a solution to a given business issue. Suitability looks into a how fit a strategy may be as well as whether it provides prospects that an organization may exploit with the aim of enhancing productivity.

The Introduction To Cyber Bullying Media Essay

The Introduction To Cyber Bullying Media Essay Young people today are using the internet more than ever. They view the internet and even more so the mobile phones as positive aspects of our society. The internet and mobile phones systems are the two biggest systems of communication which play a crucial role in our daily activities and development of identities. On the other hand, these same technologies are also often used negatively. Many children are the targets of bullying via the internet or mobile phones resulting in total confusion on the part of the target. Very often, children are not able to understand that what they are going through is a form of bullying. As a result the previously safe environment of the internet is now becoming a source of confusion and anxiety. As a teenager myself, I am not immune to factors that influence everybody else in our society. I am very concerned about what is happening so I therefore wanted to look into the reasons behind cyber-bullying and who should be blamed for it. Is there any way for cyber-bullying to be stopped? The internet holds many dangers such as viruses and programming faults that could be dangerous for people but also two of the most menacing problems for young people today; child pornography and cyber-bullying. I decided to focus on the issue that tends to influence a large portion of teenagers and not solely, cyber-bullying. It seems that, now, in 2010 cyber-bullying is increasing dramatically as more and more children are becoming victims of this type of bullying, though not only children. I will research this problem in detail as it is saddening me that a system that makes information flow and communication easy, is turning into a dangerous place to be. I cant understand why such a useful system is used in so negative a way where one can cause psychological harm to others. Although cyberbullying does not pertain to the USA alone, I chose to focus on the USA is because it seems to have more documented incidents which apparently make it one of the countries with a higher percentage of cyber-bullies and victims of cyber-bullying. In fact, there has been a number of shocking incidents that caught my attention, some of which I will report in the main body. There are many countries that do deal with cyber-bullying but not to the point that the USA does. I strongly believe that if cyber-bullying reaches an end one day it will certainly start from the U.S.A. I deem that the USA covers all aspects that I am looking into so this is the reason why I chose it. In recent years many US states have started to impose laws specifically regarding cyber-bullying. Some other states support that laws imposed for traditional bullying also cover cyber-bullying. The internet provides anonymity and the chance to create a profile with a hidden identity; so how possible is it for cyber-bullying to be stopped? The truth is that this question cannot be answered easily as it is not something so simple. Being already concerned about it and seeing that more and more cyber-bullies are getting away with it, I will attempt to investigate how possible can this be. The research question which I will develop is the following: Can cyber-bullying and bullying through the internet and mobile phone systems stop? In this essay, I will look into cyber-bullying by defining what it is, report incidents and show statistics of how bad the situation in the U.S.A. is. I will also examine if blame can be attributed. Through my research I hope to reach a conclusion on whether there is a chance for cyber-bullying to be stopped. What is Cyber-Bullying Cyber-bullying has more than one definition, cyber-bullying can be defined as when the Internet, cell phones or other devices are used to send or post text or images intended to hurt or embarrass another person  [1]  or as a situation when a child or teen is repeatedly tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise targeted by another child or teenager using text messaging, e-mail, instant messaging or any other type of digital technology.  [2]  The last definition I gave refers only to teens or children because bullying through the internet or cell-phones from adults to adults can be referred to as cyber-stalking which due to word limitation I will not go into. A cyber-bullying situation can be as simple as sending e-mails to someone that wants no further contact with you but it can also be very serious when it includes threats or sexual bullying or when a forum is created and that person is ridiculed. Cyber-bullies may post personal data of their victims at websites or forums or even pretend to be someone else in order to publish different material to the victims name that diminishes or humiliates him. The biggest percentage of the bullies use pretty much the same tactic as they send threatening messages to their victim or call them mean names. Who is a Cyber-Bully A cyber-bully is generally more of a product of his environment in which he too is abused in many ways, verbally or physically or he might even be cyber-bullied. Perhaps however, they are simple bored or completely rotten to make everyone elses life messy. Many times cyber-bullies work in groups because in that way they feel stronger but they inwardly, sometimes, do not enjoy their actions. Their main problem is that they cannot move away from their team because they feel unsafe and they have the fear that they will get cyber-bullied themselves. As it is identified by researchers, tormentors are sometimes likely to be more depressed than their victims. What should be worrying us is that cyber-bullies get a false feeling of satisfaction when they send threatening and flame e-mails to their victims because that means that they amuse themselves. The number one objective of cyber-bullies but also traditional bullies is to have power. They want to have the control of each situation. They want to be dominators and subjugate everyone. Effects of Cyber-Bullying In my mind, cyber-bullying shows the ugly face of the internet. Victims of cyber-bullying can become depressed and in extreme cases even commit suicide. We can therefore understand that the internet is dangerous and unknown to most people, capable of hurting them if they are not aware of the internet as a whole. Cyber-bullying has several negative effects on individuals or groups of people. Usually, it starts with a confused feeling on the part of the victim, feeling hurt because a person or a group of people has targeted them and insulted them for no other reason than simply to be mean. Most would ask why they are the target but perhaps even cyber-bullies do not know why. They gradually get feelings of fear or of loneliness, fear of leaving their home or fear of going to school. If the victim is being bullied continuously, his grades may drop or even show symptoms of paranoia that would make it difficult for him to communicate with people of his age or make new friends. Depression can be one of the symptoms of cyber-bullying, and I am calling them symptoms because it seems that cyber-bullying is now a disease for our society. A feeling of helplessness occurs as the victim does not know where to turn to for help. It is of course true that in serious cases of constant bullying, suicide may be part of the story. Cyber-bullying should be stopped but the question still exists, can it be stopped? Proper individual reaction I believe that the reason why the U.S.A. is more concerned about cyber-bullying is the big amount of their population that is affected and the relatively big number of incidents reported that has prompted them to impose laws against it. What should the average person suggest? Ignore the bully, do not take him seriously, not answer to him and if he is at your school just ignore him once more. It is suggested that you report it to your counselor or your parents so they get the chance to help you. It is possible that cyber-bullies will be discouraged if you do not answer to them and they will move on to their next victim. Nevertheless, these suggestions would only help an individual to be saved from cyber-bullying. Furthermore, cyber-bullying will not stop but it is a good start for individuals to save themselves from resulting victims. Significance of Cyber-Bullying How real is the threat of cyber-bullying? Is it such a big issue? Opinions seem to vary. Adults mostly support the opinion that cyber-bullying, along with regular bullying, is responsible for many of the social, anxiety and depression problems kids live with since this situation mostly influences them. On the other hand, many teenagers do not agree with this claim, they support the idea that cyber-bullying is not such a problem because nothing is real on the internet and things said or done should not be taken into consideration so much. In my mind, we, teens, understand better the evolution of technology than adults and so we are not tricked by the media as their role is always to report every situation in its most dramatic way but that cannot explain the rising number of suicides among young people. I believe that anyone who claims being bullied knows nearly nothing about how to protect themselves in the digital world, even when it comes to simple computer problems. It is true that the internet does not show its real face immediately and cyber-bullying is not the only internet issue that should be worrying us. Internet is full of dark pits, full of lies that could trick anyone into confusion. My opinion is that cyber-bullying is a very big issue that is shocking our society every day but I also believe and agree that cyber-bullying is not the last thing that we should consider as a problem. People need to be educated on how to be immune to internet dangers and of how to avoid being mocked or cheated through the internet. Proof of the significance An example of a severe case of cyber-bullying took place in 2008, it shocked most people in the U.S.A. into understanding what cyber-bullying is when Megan Meier, a 13-year old girl from Missouri, committed suicide in her room. Investigators found that Megans death was the result of constant stress caused by relentless and cruel cyber-bullying. A group of people that lived in Megans neighborhood, including adults such as Lori Drews, the father of a friend of Megans who she had a fight with, and an 18-year old officer who worked for M. Drews, pretended to be a new boy in the area where Megan lived and developed a relationship with her through Myspace (a social networking site). The group had created a hoax in order to make Megan believe that she had a growing relationship with the boy. When the hoax was revealed, Megan did not have enough mental strength to deal with the humiliation of being mocked and she decided to take her life. Back then, Missouri did not have any laws against cyb er-bullying so they were not able to prosecute any of the members of the group.  [3]  Having taken this incident into consideration, Missouri has now imposed laws against cyber-bullying which I will report on next in my extended essay. Another suicide took place in Massachusetts. Phoebe Prince was a 15-year old Irish immigrant who was harassed both at school, web sites and over her cell phone. For fear of losing her few friends, she refused to change her Facebook settings or cell number. Unfortunately, the idea of her being a loser led her to kill herself.  [4]   The statistics are as shocking as the incidents. A Cyber-bullying research survey in 2008 of 2.000 middle-school students shows that around 43% of them have been victims of situations that can be defined as cyber-bullying: > Receiving an instant message that made them upset (15.8%) Having something posted on their MySpace that made them upset (14.1%). Even more alarming, a Survey of AM/MTV in September 2009 of 1,247 young people, aged 14-24, found that: 50% of youngsters in this age group have experienced digitally abusive behavior, with older teens aged 18-24 (52% vs. 47%) and females more likely to be targeted (53% vs. 42%) 45% of young people report that they see people being mean to each other on social networking sites.  [5]   The relation ship with traditional bullying There is a phrase that says: Sticks and stones can break your bones but names will never hurt you Personally, I cannot agree with that claim. Although cyber-bullying is less physical than traditional forms of bullying, it has very destructive and longer-lasting effects on individuals. It is very easy to access a computer and ruin someones mental state. Something that people ignore is that online everyone can be a bully, even a small, physically weak child that was a victim of traditional bullying. However the difference being that someone is now in the position to cause even greater damage than a big brute can cause. As British bullying victim, Emily Moor said, The internet is a sinister, silent enemy: you simply dont know where to start to tackle the problem. But faceless as a computer may be, it is every bit as threatening as a physical bully, if not more so because the audience reading these horrible messages can be enormous.  [6]  It is true that if you are bullied at school then you can just go home and end it, if you are cyber-bullied you have nowhere to go. Laws against Cyber-Bullying It is now well known that with the existence of fake profiles or profiles with hidden identities, the guilty party is hard to be traced. Lawmakers are seeking to pass new legislations on cyber-bullying because it seems that there are currently no specific laws on the books that deal directly with it. They want to address cyber-bullying with laws that would call the action of intimidation, bullying or any other actions that cause severe emotional distress illegal. Nevertheless, I was not able to find lots of information on laws against hidden identity or fake profiles but only from states like Texas and Georgia which have passed laws that deal directly against posing as someone else on the internet. What is important is that people who post fake profiles in social network sites could be charged for their unsocial behaviour.  [7]   In a respected number of U.S. states including New York, Missouri, Rhode Island and Maryland, legislation geared at penalizing cyber-bullying and digital bullying has been introduced. In 2007, at least seven states passed specific laws against bullying through the internet. For example, Dardenne Prairie of Springfield, Missouri passed a city law making online bullying a misdemeanor. Another city of Missouri, the city of St. Charles has passed a similar law. Furthermore, in Jefferson City of Missouri, state lawmakers gave final approval to a bill making cyber-bullying illegal in 2008.  [8]  It is believed by supporters that this bill will cover bullying from computers, text messages and other electronic devices. In August 2008, the California state legislature passed the first law to deal directly with cyber-bullying. The legislation was named Assembly Bill 86 2008 and the idea was that it would add provisions related to bullying committed through an electronic communication device or system and a definition of electronic communication was added for this purpose to the School/Law Enforcement Partnership program. Eventually, this law took place at January 1 of 2009. Even if it is due to the following changed that many schools are now able to confront cyberbullying, I will keep the following information in the Laws against Cyber-Bullying section. In Arkansas in 2007, they passed a law that would allow school officials to deal with cyber bullies even if a persons bullying did not take place or start on school property. After the law was imposed, the result was that school administrators gained more freedom to punish individuals that were the bullies. In Iowa, several laws have been passed that forced schools to adopt anti-cyber bullying policies which cover bullying in the school or in school property or generally at a school function or activity sponsored by the school. In New Jersey the Garden State has always maintained tough legislation against bullying, but until 2007 there werent any laws enforced which included cyber-bullying. Once again, the law gives the power to the school staff to punish people related with bullying against their fellow students. In Idaho, in 2006, its lawmakers passed a law that allowed staff of the school, especially officials, to suspend students that were using a computer or another electronic device to harass specific students. At Oregon state, they decided to look in detail at cyber-bullying and broadened its definition. Recently, the governor of Rhode Island tried to pass a bill which would take cyber-bullying offenders to court with the charge of being illegal against the states laws. Vermont, had already very strict laws against bullying and cyber-bullying but its lawmakers recently added a fine of 500 dollars for those who where offensive to other people on the internet. Vermont is considered as one of the states with the strictest legislation against this type of bullying.  [9]   School action It is important to mention that many schools are adopting policies to address cyber-bullying and that is something really important. Since cyber-bullying is mostly a problem because of the existence of the internet, many schools reduced their internet sites range so as to protect children from entering sites that could lead them to becoming the victim of a cyber-bully. Also, many schools have passed anti-bullying rules and policies which address cyber-bullying. They closely monitor students use of computers at school and have bought tracking software but without relying solely on it in order to screen out problematic online behaviors and bullying. Many educators try to educate students, teachers and different staff members about the dangers of cyber-bullying and about what should be done in order to avoid it Who should be blamed? Despite attempts at changing laws and policies and trying to implement them, what is worrying, is the fact that no law can really stop cyber-bullying while communication through the internet or cell phones provides anonymity, many fake profiles are created in order to tease or bully people in social sites like Facebook and Myspace. Really, is there anybody we can accuse or blame for this mess? Is there any way to identify the extinction of a fake profile? Our society promotes violence and that does not help to overcome this problem. Video games, television and all mass media mostly project violent incidents. Because of this children and teens become familiar with the idea of violence and they think of it as the normal. Parents on the whole are not familiar with the idea of cyber-bullying and they are not able to protect their children from being cyber-bullied. It is not really their fault as technology is developing very fast and many of them cannot keep up with it. Teens do not usua lly talk to their parents about their problems and that makes it very difficult for the parents to help their children. Many schools make the mistake of not informing students enough about it or showing them how to protect themselves. Children should have some knowledge about cyber-bullying so as to get through it without any wounds. I believe that the society as a whole is the only that can be blamed for this issue. Conclusion In conclusion although the internet and mobile phones communication systems make our lives easier and play a very important role in our activities, it is unfortunate that they have been poisoned and destroyed by being used to abuse others. The positive aspects of the internet and mobile phones cannot be questioned or enumerated however what I am mostly certain of is that the negative aspects are just as great in number and in seriousness. As a Kevin Brennan said: Cyberbullying is the unacceptable face of new technology, and we need concerted action across society to address it. Schools must play a key role, and this new guidance will help them to identify and tackle instances of cyberbullying more effectively, as well as providing practical advice and information on how to prevent it.  [10]   Cyber-bullying is on the rise and it affects almost anyone that possesses and uses a computer or a cell-phone but the idea of stopping or obstructing cyber-bullying seems to be very far. Cyber-bullying exists in schools, out of schools and everywhere and since parents are not totally controlling their childs actions in and out of school, it is very hard to follow the plans of bullies. While school violence as a whole is declining, bullying behaviors have increased by 5%.Furthermore, the last months of 2010; there were multiple suicide deaths as a result of cyber-bullying.  [11]  There are lots of reasons that could lead a person to bully another and there are even more sources of traps that could lead the bullied person to remain silent and contribute in this way to the growing problem. After much research, I no longer wonder if this whole situation could be stopped but whether it can at least decrease. It seems that there is no way for it to be stopped since most states of the U.S.A. do not have any legislations that deal directly with cyber-bullying. Even where legislation does exist it does not have the power to reduce cyber-bullying to any great amount because of the anonymity or the hidden identity that the internet provides. This could even be a great research question for another extended essay. Should the internet provide anonymity and the choice to retain your identity hidden? Existing legislation in states of the U.S. which I have mentioned have only worked in very few situations where the bully has not hidden his identity. What could make us think that legislation could stop anonymous bullies? What will always be needed to overcome such a situation is the support of adults towards children and young people that have fallen victims to the dark pits of the internet. Parents especially must not forget that. Since bullying through internet and mobile phones cannot really be stopped then the next best way to deal with it, is to make children immune to it. Children should be taught to avoid it and go on with their lives. They should be taught how to prevent bullies from using them as victims. Parents should help them build a strong personality.